An integrated magneto-optic modulator for cryogenic applications

Abstract Superconducting circuits can operate at higher energy efficiencies than their room-temperature counterparts and have the potential to enable large-scale control readout of quantum computers. However, required interface with electronics creates difficulties in scaling up such cryogenic systems. One option is use optical fibres as a medium conjunction fast modulators that be efficiently driven by electrical signals low temperatures. superconducting are current operated impedances, they poorly conventional electro-optical modulators. Here we report an integrated current-driven modulator based on magneto-optic effect temperatures 4 K. The device combines garnet crystal silicon waveguide resonator integrates electromagnet modulate refractive index garnet. offers data rates 2 Gbps consumption below pJ per bit transferred information, which could reduced less 50 fJ replacing dissipative electrodes superconductors optimizing geometric parameters.